Acrylic fibres, also called PAC or PAN, consist of at least 85 % of the monomer acrylonitrile. The co-monomers methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate are also used. Well-known, protected brand names include Dralon®, Dolan® and Toraylon®.
Acrylic fibres are used as textile fibres and in a technical form and as precursors for the production of carbon fibres. The required property profile dictates whether the acrylic fibres are manufactured in a dry spinning process or a wet spinning process.
Acrylic filaments are 10–40 µm in diameter and have a round or kidney-shaped fibre shape depending on the spinning process.
Acrylic fibres have a high biological and chemical resistance to many solvents, alkalis and acids. Acrylonitrile fibres are especially characterised by high UV resistance, which makes them ideal for outdoor applications in direct sunlight.
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Acrylic fibres are produced by the co-polymerisation of at least 85 % acrylonitrile with mainly methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate or vinyl acetate. The polymerisation mainly takes place as a solution polymerisation in DMF or DMSO, or as an emulsion polymerisation. In a subsequent step, filaments can be produced by either the dry spinning process or the wet spinning process. Whereas the fibre shapes obtained in the dry spinning process are mostly kidney and bone-shaped, they tend to be round in the wet spinning process. The filaments are then washed, stretched and further processed into tows or staple fibres.
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